学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键,陈述句变感叹句实际上就是句子成分位置的移动。
例1 She is smiling sweetly.
→How sweetly she is smiling!(移动状语)
二、哪些句子成分可能会移动位置?
通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置,一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。位置可能会变动的句子成分:宾语、表语和状语。
例2 Mr Turner told us a funny story.
→What a funny story Mr Turner told us!(移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语)
三、如何确定使用what还是使用how?
当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how,一般可以这样来确定:位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what,是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外:how+adj.+a/an+N
例3 What a cool bike you are riding!(a cool bike名词短语)
例4 How fast he is riding!(fast副词)
例5 How cool a bike you are riding!(how+adj.+a/an+N)
四、如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词?
名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词,以元音音素开头的词语之前用an,以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。
例6 What beautiful sunshine it is today!(sunshine不可数名词)
例7 What a useful book this is!(useful以辅音音素开头)
例8 What an old house that is!(old以元音音素开头)
五、感叹句有哪几种格式?
简单地说是“两型七式”:两种句型是以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型,七种格式是
①what+a+adj.+N+S+V
②what+an+adj.+N+S+V
③what+adj.+N(不可数)+S+V
④what+adj.+N(可数名词复数形式)+S+V
⑤how+adj.+S+V
⑥how+adv.+S+V
⑦how+adj.+a/an+N+S+V
例What exciting news it is!(what+adj.+N(可数名词复数形式)+S+V结构)
例9 What good teachers they are!(what+adj.+N(可数名词复数形式)+S+V结构)
例10 How warmly they are discussing!(how+adv.+S+V结构)
例11 How beautiful a picture it is!(how+adj.+a/an+N+S+V结构)
六、以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换?
这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的:
1.含有“a/an+adj.+N”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。
2.名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/an+adj.+N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。
例12 What an expensive glass he broke!→How expensive a glass he broke!
例13 How beautiful the birds are!→what beautiful birds they are!
(说明:N代表名词,未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式,S代表主语,V代表动词)
七、在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?
常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。
例14 What a naughty boy!(省略了he is)
八、有什么巧妙的办法记住这些规律吗?
以上的解释说明似乎很复杂,其实理清了思路、抓住了要领、掌握了规律并不是那么难的。为了便于同学们记忆我把以上规律编成了一段顺口溜,请同学们对照阅读。
陈述句述事实,感叹句表感情。
陈述变成感叹句,主谓系表先分清。
宾语状语移句首,表语亦须打头阵。
名词之前用what,形副之前how先行。
复数名词无冠词,事先分析莫轻心。
如果名词不可数,摒弃a,an不留情。
冠词a,an要分明,清音辅音是标准。
句子结构要完整,标点符号亦变更。
总结规律进步快,编个歌诀给你听。
巩固练习
一、选择题
1.____ delicious the dish is!
A.What B.How C.What a
2.____ strange clothes he is wearing!
A.What a B.What C.How a
3.____ an interesting subject it is!
A.What B.How C.What an
4.____ foggy it was yesterday!
A.What B.What a C.How
5.____ careless a boy you are!
A.How B.What a C.What
二、把下列的句子改为感叹句。(答案不唯一)
1.A:Jill is drawing a beautiful picture.
B:___________________________
2.A:Mr Wang is a busy man.
B:___________________________
3.A:The cat is very happy.
B:___________________________
4.A:The tractor is going very slowly.
B:___________________________
5.A:He is very lucky.
B:___________________________
6.A:It is a wet day today.
B:___________________________
7.A:They started early.
B:___________________________
8.A:They waited a long time.
B:___________________________
9.A:He is wearing a large shirt.
B:___________________________
10.A:The dolphin is playing happily.
B:___________________________
KEY
一、1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A
二、
1.What a beautiful picture Jill is drawing!/How beautiful a picture Jill is drawing!
2.What a busy man Mr Wang is!/How busy a man Mr Wang is!
3.How happy the cat is!/What a happy cat it is!
4.How slowly the tractor is going!
5.How lucky he is!
6.What a wet day it is today!/How wet a day it is today!
7.How early they started!
8.What a long time they waited!
9.What a large shirt he is wearing!/How large a shirt he is wearing!
10.How happily the dolphin is playing!