一、语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
如:主动句:They built this bridge.
被动句:This bridge was built by them.
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。
三、八种常用时态的被动语态举例
1.一般现在时
A lot of books are kept in our school library.我们学校图书馆有许多藏书。
2.一般过去时
A thief was caught last night.一个小偷昨晚被抓了。
3.现在进行时
The watch is being repaired.这块表正在修理。
4.过去进行时
The door was being painted at that time.那时门还在油漆。
5.一般将来时
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.班会下周六下午召开。
6.过去将来时
They said the work would be finished the next day.他们说这项工作第二天就能完成。
7.现在完成时
My bag has been stolen.我的包被偷了。
8.过去完成时
She said this airport had never been used.她说这个机场没有使用过。
四、情态动词的被动语态
例:1)主动句:You must hand in your homework this afternoon.
被动句:Your homework must be handed in this afternoon.
2)主动句:I have to do the job myself.588.es
被动句:The job has to be done by myself.
3)主动句:All of us ought to obey the rule.
被动句:The rule ought to be obeyed.(by all of us)
五、被动语态的用法
1.当不知道谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。例如:
His bike has been stolen.他的自行车被热偷走了。
2.在没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。例如:
China was librated in 1949.中国是一九四九年解放的。
3.强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。例如:
The plan has already been made.计划已经制订好了。
用被动语态时,如需同时指出动作的执行者,可用“介词by+动词执行者(宾格)”这一结构。
例如:Midnight was written by Mao Dun.《子夜》是茅盾写的。
六、使用被动语态应注意的事项
1.及物动词能构成被动语态,不及物动词不能构成被动语态。
例如:Children sleep soundly.小孩睡得香。
某些不及物动词与介词或副词构成不可分割的短语时,如有宾语,可用被动语态。
例如:The speaker was listened to carefully.人们聆听发言人的讲话。
2.某些动词形式上是主动语态,但含有被动的意思。
例如:This book sells well.这本书畅销。
3.带有情态动词的一般被动语态是“情态动词+be+过去分词”。
例如:The question needn’t be discussed.这个问题不必讨论。
4.带有不定式的一般被动语态是“to be+过去分词”。
例如:A new hotel is going to be built near the station.车站附近要建一所新旅馆。
七.用主动语态形式表示被动含义的常用动词:{主动代替被动}
clean sell lock translate read write wash wear cook
tear cut keep burn strike pull act last feel smell taste look
例:1)The cloth washes well.
2)Potatoes cook slowly.
3)The door doesn’t lock.
八、make\let sb do sth;hear\see sb do sth变成被动语态时要加上不定式标志to
今天的内容就介绍到这里了。